Every peer-reviewed source cited anywhere on this atlas — across all six regions and their subregions — merged into one alphabetized list. Each region and subregion page also has its own scoped References panel for just the sources used on that page.
329 sources, deduplicated from 545 citations across 13 pages
A
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Ambrose, S. H., Buikstra, J. & Krueger, H. W. "Status and gender differences in diet at Mound 72, Cahokia, revealed by isotopic analysis of bone." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22:217–226 (2003).
Anderson, D. G., et al. “Animal domestication in the high Arctic: Hunting and holding reindeer on the I͡Amal peninsula, northwest Siberia.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 55:101079 (2019).
Anderson, P. M. & Lozhkin, A. V. “Late Quaternary vegetation of Chukotka (Northeast Russia), implications for Glacial and Holocene environments of Beringia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 107:112–128 (2015).
Angulo, R. J., Lessa, G. C. & Souza, M. C. “A critical review of mid- to late-Holocene sea-level fluctuations on the eastern Brazilian coastline.” Quaternary Science Reviews 25:486–506 (2006).
Arauna, L. R., et al. "Recent Historical Migrations Have Shaped the Gene Pool of Arabs and Berbers in North Africa." Molecular Biology and Evolution 34(2):318–329 (2017).
Ardelean, C. F., et al. "Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum." Nature 584:87–92 (2020).
Arranz-Otaegui, A., et al. "Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan." PNAS 115:7925–7930 (2018).
Aubert, M., et al. "Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art." Nature 576:442–445 (2019).
Aubert, M., et al. "Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi." Science Advances 7:eabd4648 (2021).
B
Ballenger, J. A. M., et al. "Evidence for Younger Dryas global climate oscillation and human response in the American Southwest." Quaternary International 242:502–519 (2011).
Barker, G., et al. "The 'human revolution' in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: the antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo)." Journal of Human Evolution 52:243–261 (2007).
Becerra-Valdivia, L. and Higham, T. "The timing and effect of the earliest human arrivals in North America." Nature 584:93–97 (2020).
Bennett, M. R., et al. "Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum." Science 373:1528–1531 (2021).
Bergström et al., Nature 590:229–237 (2021)
Berna et al., PNAS 109:E1215–E1220 (2012)
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Bird, J. “Antiquity and Migrations of the Early Inhabitants of Patagonia.” Geographical Review 28:250–275 (1938).
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Bolnick, D. A. & Smith, D. G. "Migration and Social Structure among the Hopewell: Evidence from Ancient DNA." American Antiquity 72:627–644 (2007).
Bongers, J. L., et al. “Ancient DNA reveals a family ossuary and long-distance migration on the Pacific coast before the Inca Empire.” Nature Communications 17:4222 (2026).
Bourgeon, L., Burke, A. & Higham, T. "Earliest Human Presence in North America Dated to the Last Glacial Maximum: New Radiocarbon Dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada." PLOS ONE 12:e0169486 (2017).
Bouzouggar, A., et al. "82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behaviour." PNAS 104:9964–9969 (2007).
Bowler, J. M., et al. "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia." Nature 421:837–840 (2003).
Brace, S., et al. "Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain." Nature Ecology & Evolution 3:765–771 (2019).
Breunig, P., and Rupp, N. "An outline of recent studies on the Nigerian Nok Culture." Journal of African Archaeology 14:237–255 (2016).
Brooks, A. S., et al. "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age." Science 360:90–94 (2018).
Brown, P., et al. "A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia." Nature 431:1055–1061 (2004).
Brumm, A., et al. "A reassessment of the early archaeological record at Leang Burung 2, a Late Pleistocene rock-shelter site on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi." PLOS ONE 13(4):e0193025 (2018).
Brumm, A., et al. "Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago." Nature 464:748–752 (2010).
Bryan, A. L., et al. “An El Jobo Mastodon Kill at Taima-taima, Venezuela.” Science 200:1275–1277 (1978).
Burley, D., Weisler, M. I. and Zhao, J.-X. "High Precision U/Th Dating of First Polynesian Settlement." PLOS ONE 7(11):e48769 (2012).
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C
Capodiferro, M. R., et al. “Archaeogenomic distinctiveness of the Isthmo-Colombian area.” Cell 184:1706–1723 (2021).
Cardona, A., et al. "Genome-Wide Analysis of Cold Adaptation in Indigenous Siberian Populations." PLOS ONE 9(5):e98076 (2014).
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Carson, M. T. "An overview of latte period archaeology." Micronesica 42:1–79 (2012).
Castro e Silva, M. A., et al. “Population Histories and Genomic Diversity of South American Natives.” Molecular Biology and Evolution 39:msab339 (2022).
Castro e Silva, M. A., et al. “Deep genetic affinity between coastal Pacific and Amazonian natives evidenced by Australasian ancestry.” PNAS 118:e2025739118 (2021).
Cerling et al., PNAS 110:10501–10506 (2013)
Chatters, J. C., et al. "Late Pleistocene Human Skeleton and mtDNA Link Paleoamericans and Modern Native Americans." Science 344:750–754 (2014).
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Clarkson, C., et al. "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago." Nature 547:306–310 (2017).
Clemente, F. J., et al. “A Selective Sweep on a Deleterious Mutation in CPT1A in Arctic Populations.” American Journal of Human Genetics 95(5):584–589 (2014).
Colonese, A. C., et al. “Fishing intensification as response to Late Holocene socio-ecological instability in southeastern South America.” Scientific Reports 11:23506 (2021).
Cooke, N. P., et al. "Ancient genomics reveals tripartite origins of Japanese populations." Science Advances 7:eabh2419 (2021).
Correa-Metrio, A., et al. "Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central America during the last 86,000 years." Quaternary Science Reviews 38:63–75 (2012).
Couto-Silva, C. M., et al. “Indigenous people from Amazon show genetic signatures of pathogen-driven selection.” Science Advances 9:eabo0234 (2023).
Crawford, J. E., et al. “Natural Selection on Genes Related to Cardiovascular Health in High-Altitude Adapted Andeans.” American Journal of Human Genetics 101:752–767 (2017).
Crevecoeur, I., et al. "New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba." Scientific Reports 11:11288 (2021).
Cámara-Leret, R., et al. "New Guinea has the world's richest island flora." Nature 584:579–583 (2020).
D
D'Andrea, W. J., Huang, Y., Fritz, S. C. & Anderson, N. J. “Abrupt Holocene climate change as an important factor for human migration in West Greenland.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(24):9765–9769 (2011).
Davis, L. G., et al. "Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper's Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago." Science 365:891–897 (2019).
de Filippo et al., Mol. Biol. Evol. 29:1015–1035 (2012)
de la Fuente, C., et al. “Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115:E4006–E4012 (2018).
DeBlasis, P., et al. “Sambaquis e Paisagem: dinâmica natural e arqueologia regional no litoral do sul do Brasil.” Revista de Arqueología Suramericana 3:28–61 (2007).
deMenocal, P., et al. "Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing." Quaternary Science Reviews 19(1–5):347–361 (2000).
deMenocal, Science 270:53–59 (1995)
Denham, T. P., et al. "Origins of Agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of New Guinea." Science 301:189–193 (2003).
Dickinson, W. R. "Pacific Atoll Living: How Long Already and Until When?" GSA Today 19(3):4–10 (2009).
Dietrich, O., et al. "The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from Göbekli Tepe." Antiquity 86:674–695 (2012).
Dillehay, T. D., et al. “New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile.” PLOS ONE 10:e0141923 (2015).
Dillehay, T. D., et al. “Monte Verde: Seaweed, Food, Medicine, and the Peopling of South America.” Science 320:784–786 (2008).
Doran, G. H., et al. "Anatomical, cellular and molecular analysis of 8,000-yr-old human brain tissue from the Windover archaeological site." Nature 323:803-806 (1986).
Duncan, R. P., Boyer, A. G. & Blackburn, T. M. "Magnitude and variation of prehistoric bird extinctions in the Pacific." PNAS 110:6436–6441 (2013).
Dunne, J., et al. "Farming, pottery, and material culture at the transition to food production on the Middle Nile." (2022).
Eriksson, G., et al. “The emergence of cultural complexity in the Bering Strait: A refined radiocarbon chronology for the Ekven (Old Bering Sea) mortuary complex.” The Holocene 35(12):1227–1236 (2025).
Erlandson, J. M., et al. "The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161–174 (2007).
Erlandson, J. M., et al. "Paleoindian Seafaring, Maritime Technologies, and Coastal Foraging on California's Channel Islands." Science 331:1181–1185 (2011).
Evans, B. J., et al. "Monkeys and Toads Define Areas of Endemism on Sulawesi." Evolution 57(6):1436–1443 (2003).
F
Faith, J. T. & Surovell, T. A. "Synchronous extinction of North America's Pleistocene mammals." PNAS 106:20641–20645 (2009).
Fehren-Schmitz, L., et al. “Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111:9443–9448 (2014).
Fernandes, D. M., et al. “A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean.” Nature 590:103–110 (2021).
Ferraro et al., PLoS ONE 8:e62174 (2013)
Ferraz, T., et al. “Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America.” Nature Ecology & Evolution 7:1315–1330 (2023).
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Fitzpatrick, S. M. “The Pre-Columbian Caribbean: Colonization, Population Dispersal, and Island Adaptations.” PaleoAmerica 1:305–331 (2015).
Fitzpatrick, S. M. "Early human burials in the western Pacific: evidence for c.3000 year old occupation on Palau." Antiquity 77(298):719–731 (2003).
Flegontov, P., et al. "Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America." Nature 570:236–240 (2019).
Florin, S. A., et al. "The first Australian plant foods at Madjedbebe, 65,000–53,000 years ago." Nature Communications 11:924 (2020).
Fregel, R., et al. "Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115:6774–6779 (2018).
Freidline, S. E., et al. "Early presence of Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia by 86–68 kyr at Tam Pà Ling, Northern Laos." Nature Communications 14:3193 (2023).
Friesen, T. M. “Radiocarbon Evidence for Fourteenth-Century Dorset Occupation in the Eastern North American Arctic.” American Antiquity 85(2):222–240 (2020).
Friesen, T. M. & Arnold, C. D. “The Timing of the Thule Migration: New Dates from the Western Canadian Arctic.” American Antiquity 73:527–538 (2008).
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Fu, Q., et al. "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe." Nature 534:200–205 (2016).
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Fumagalli, M., et al. “Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation.” Science 349:1343–1347 (2015).
G
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Gallego Llorente et al., Science 350:820–822 (2015)
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Günther, T., et al. “Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation.” PLOS Biology 16(1):e2003703 (2018).
H
Haak, W., et al. "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe." Nature 522:207–211 (2015).
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Harvati et al., PLoS ONE 6:e24024 (2011)
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I
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K
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Lipson et al., Nature 577:665–670 (2020)
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